Supply Chain Management and Sustained Competitive

Question: Examine about the Supply Chain Management and Sustained Competitive. Answer: Presentation: In the current business condition, flexibly chain the board has become a necessary part for the associations. It encourages associations to improve the operational productivity that can make direct effect on the fulfillment level of the clients. Especially in the globalized business condition, practically all the significant associations use complex flexibly fasten system to convey items at the normal goal inside the given timeframe. Successful usage of flexibly chain the executives has helped association to increase upper hand in the market. Be that as it may, expanding multifaceted nature of the gracefully chain the board has likewise made a few difficulties for the associations to deal with to keep up the proficiency level of the operational procedures. Openings in the gracefully chain the board: Globalization in the business activity has given flexibly tie the executives tremendous chance to build up a worldwide system so as to catch of remote market successfully (Hsu et al. 2013). Moreover, worldwide business structure has helped association to actualize creative techniques in the flexibly chain forms with the goal that it can ready to increase upper hand in the market. Shorter life pattern of the items and changing business sector structure has actuated associations to use lean gracefully chain process. Hence, associations need to distinguish the best lean procedures with the goal that it can ready to convey item at the ideal goal adequately (Monczka et al. 2015). Usage of creative innovation in the flexibly chain the executives has given chance to the association to improve the viability of the operational procedure. In addition, it likewise helped associations to actualize complex flexibly chain the executives procedure so it can capable keep up the fulfillment level of the clients. Powerful usage of innovation in the flexibly chain forms likewise helped associations to enter worldwide market in a considerably more successful manner. Issues in the flexibly chain the executives: According to the article by Christopher (2016), associations additionally need to confront a few issues so as to use its gracefully chain process adequately. Presently, flexibly chain the executives reflects giving right items in the correct quality to the ideal spot at the opportune time with the goal that clients stay fulfilled. In any case, expanding rivalry in the market has additionally impacted clients to raise their desire level with respect to the sort of administrations they are accepting at the hour of buying an item. In this way, it makes troubles in the successful usage of the gracefully chain the executives for the associations (Barney 2012). Moreover, administrations of various nations have executed a few standards and guidelines for keeping up the wellbeing security issue. In particular, it has made immense difficulties for the flexibly chain the executives of the oil and gas industry. Serious business condition has likewise making pressure for the associations to less en costs in the operational procedure. Along these lines, it has risen as a test for the gracefully affix the executives to create systems in such a manner thus, that it can ready to satisfy all the necessities in a nearly less expensive expense (Pagell and Shevchenko 2014). Besides, worldwide business structure has additionally expands the chance of dangers that associations need to look so as to lead its organizations appropriately. Along these lines, associations should concentrate on the variables like worldwide sourcing, advertise difficulties and credit accessibility so as to diminish the hazard factors in a suitable manner (Seuring 2013). Moreover, creating solid relational relationship with the providers is one of the significant issues that associations should look for viable use of the operational procedure. End: The above conversation features the way that gracefully chain the board is among the vital components that associations need to use so as to increase upper hand in the market. Notwithstanding, compelling usage of gracefully chain process relies upon a few factors that associations should deal with in a legitimate manner. In this way, associations should be amazingly cautious at the hour of building up any system with respect to gracefully chain the executives so it can ready to have wanted effect on the adequacy of the operational procedures for the associations. References: Barney, J.B., 2012. Buying, gracefully chain the board and continued upper hand: The importance of resource㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), pp.3-6. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics flexibly chain the executives. Pearson Higher Ed. Hsu, C.W., Kuo, T.C., Chen, S.H. furthermore, Hu, A.H., 2013. Utilizing DEMATEL to build up a carbon the executives model of provider determination in green gracefully chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, pp.164-172. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. what's more, Patterson, J.L., 2015.Purchasing and gracefully chain the executives. Cengage Learning. Pagell, M. furthermore, Shevchenko, A., 2014. Why examine in supportable gracefully chain the executives ought to have no future.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), pp.44-55. Seuring, S., 2013. A survey of demonstrating approaches for practical flexibly chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520.

A good day turned bad †creative writing Free Essays

Swimming was constantly an energizing game for me, it caused me to feel alive and athletic. Nonetheless, this best game turned into an imprint that would be on me for an incredible remainder. Burbury Park was the spot, me and my companions chose to go park in light of the fact that there was a football competition that we had all been sitting tight for, this was our opportunity, an opportunity to get to the last. We will compose a custom paper test on A decent day turned terrible †exploratory writing or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The climate was completely crushing, it couldn’t improve. The sun beat down on us and we couldn’t have felt an increasingly positive vibe. The feathered creatures were singing and the trees moved to the quiet wind that was keeping us cool. We were preparing, doing our warm ups and having a group chat on how we are best group. The match had gone in progress, following a cheeky couple of moments, the score was level, ‘nine-nine’ and the environment had just set in; the circumstance was that the following group to score would progress into the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup’. I jumped towards the ball to make a basic spare which kept us in a predominant position; from that point my group had profited by what I had accomplished for them. I yelled â€Å"COME ON LADS! Pass and move† and much to my dismay, they were doing what I had asked of them. I must be brutal; this will improve them, â€Å"Hey! Markus! What the heck do you think you’re doing, shooting from that go, do you think you’re Ronaldo?† we were under immense measure of weight, and the supporters made us know it with their shouting and strong yelling, realizing that the following objective will be the decider. Markus was by a wide margin probably the best player in my group and I knew nobody at fifteen years old could shoot that out of sight. The resistance were shutting in towards our half of the pitch, and I was turning out to be increasingly more on edge with consistently that cruised by. I had a brisk look towards the clock and sadly, there was just sixty seconds left, and as the job of commander, I had an obligation, and that was to control my group and inspire them to win. I realized that the chaps would not endure additional time as the looks on their countenances revealed to me they were depleted and tired. Incredibly I had seen Aquil (the most fragile player in our crew) running towards the crate, and afterward I had seen a chance. By then, Abbas had ownership of the ball. I realized this possibly the last possibility, we needed to exploit and perhaps score. Abbas effectively crossed the ball to Aquil, he had at long last heard my orders which brought about the fine cross. The cross was flawlessly passed to Aquil, it had appeared as though he was unquestionably going to score the champ. All the backings were reciting his name, with the expectation that he was going to score, it was one on one with the guardian, yet tragically he had slipped. A discouraged groan originated from our supporters. Anyway all of a sudden, Hussein been sitting tight for the bounce back and had crushed the ball in the base of the net. I inhaled an immense moan of alleviation and the groups recited our names, I at long last realized what it resembles to be an expert football player. We were totally drained after that phenomenal success permitting us to praise like packs of wild creatures. I owed it to every one of my players for all their difficult work. Heading off to the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup’ was the best accomplishment ever in our lives! ‘Knackered’ was not by any means the word to depict how tired we were. Sweat was running down our countenances onto the virus floor just as it were a cascade. Worn out, half of our group had chosen to return to their warm homes for some tea and a shower, while all of us chose to swim at our neighborhood swimming focus, in Newtown. Me, Aquil, Abbas and Hussein were strolling towards the swimming community. We were all inclination amped up for our up and coming match against Aston Villa Youth group in the last. We had recently beaten West Bromwich Youth group improving us than them. I had concluded that I was going to treat the chaps for their difficult work in the wake of swimming. Me, more than any other person needed to step inside the pool and smoothly chill off and rest. We were headed to the pool, we were on the primary street and Newtown Swimming Center could be seen not very far out yonder. In transit towards the Swimming Center we had seen a recreation center driving us directly to the Swimming Center. â€Å"C’mon lets take the left and experience the recreation center, it looks much easier.† I stated, not comprehending what would occur straightaway. We had experienced the recreation center, ‘Yellow Park’, ordinarily previously and we had figured it would be the most secure and fastest way. We strolled pass the primary play territory and it had appeared to be vacant. Swings left swinging by the breeze, and slides left for kids to play on. I began to feel unsettled and started pondering internally why there wasn’t anybody around. Goosebumps began showing up on my skin as a super cold shudder shook through my spine. Be that as it may, there was no turning around now as we had just strolled past a large portion of the recreation center. We were toward the finish of the recreation center and it was only one dull long rear entryway. I started pondering much more and began contemplating internally about how tainted this region had as of late become. Newtown isn't the manner by which it used to be back in the days however is turning out to be increasingly vicious and considerably more violations are happening continu ously. We were mostly down the rear entryway and I could smell opportunity just around fifty yards away. â€Å"Oi! Come here now!† a chilly profound voice yelled at us from down the back street. I consequently turned upward and to my shock and I saw two dim men. Both were concealing their personality with veils and tops, we realized they were crooks. I felt anxious and terrified, considerations started going through my head as I suspected of a getaway plan. Who are these individuals and what do they need? What are they going to do to us? For what reason would they say they are calling us? I had the option to recognize their ethnicity and they were both dark. From that point on I realized something awful would happen. Aquil was remaining close to me. Then again as I pivoted I was stunned to see the remainder of my mates making a run for it. Every one of these signs implied that these individuals were bad and I realized that the following couple of moments would have been a portion of the most noticeably terrible in my life. I didn’t clock on, I was never in this circumstance. Solidified by dread, I stopped as I saw the men stroll towards us, â€Å"Yo, what closes you from?!† they stated, not trying to sit tight for an answer. I knew whether I hadn’t reacted quick, I wouldn’t make it out healthy. I addressed â€Å"Lozells†. There was no answer from these men as they looked down on us. I started to get on edge. I realized that I had a tremendous whole of cash in my wallet and contemplations started crawling into my brain, as I saw the subsequent man venture into his pocket, that these individuals needed our cash. The first of the two men had begun coming consistently nearer and as he moved toward us, he put his arms around the two of us. From that second my doubt had been addressed in light of the fact that he had said the accompanying words to me. â€Å"I need some cash man!† I kept very. The other dark man that was with him had taken my companion, Aquil into a side of the rear entryway where I couldn’t impart to him. I needed to express something to the individual who was conversing with me else I would need to confront the outcomes. I was in a problem. I said without speculation â€Å"I have five pounds†. Obviously I was lying. â€Å"Good, great, presently hand over the flipping cash or I will take the damnation out of you.† he said with a brutal tone as he raised a clench hand to my face, he was swearing as well. I was thinking about an approach to take out my cash without him understanding that I had more. Too my ineptitude, I took excessively long and the man had thrown a solid uppercut at me on my jawline. â€Å"ARGH† I yelled in torment as I tumbled to the floor on my knees. Aquil immediately investigated however truly couldn’t help me since he was getting looted by the other mugger. Another punch fell my direction however this time on the rear of my head, I swore in agony and outrage. I turned upward and saw that I had no real option except to hand over the entirety of my cash a tremendous aggregate of cash. It was sixty pounds. The mugger helped himself and looked through me and escaped with my wallet. So did the other mugger. I felt powerless. I felt vulnerable. I was harmed. I was seeping from my mouth and from the rear of my head. It had additionally appeared as though the other mugger had gotten done with Aquil. Me and Aquil laid there for a few minutes before two or three individuals from the general population helped us up. I was shaking as I strolled back towards my home. I got together with my companions, and they were in stun, they were thinking about what they could have done to support me and Aquil. I had told my folks everything that had happened and obviously my folks had called the police. It was futile and there was no point as the muggers were long gone†¦ I just idea to myself how a sublime day just turned out to be more awful. Step by step instructions to refer to A decent day turned awful †experimental writing, Papers

Fall Curly Hair Care Tips

Winter/Fall Curly Hair Care Tips Hey guys, For all of those with curly hair preparing to brave the harsh Midwest winds here at the university,  I have tips! Wash with conditioner instead of shampoo Using  shampoos with sulfates and weird synthetic cleansers can strip your  hair of natural oils, which it needs to grow. If you have thin curly hair, I would suggest using a natural shampoo, such as pineapple juice or vinegar. If you have thick curly hair like me, I would suggest switching out your shampoo for a big bottle of conditioner and washing every week or whenever works best for you. Be wary  of cotton/polyester Winter hats and scarves tend to be made with cotton or other oil-sucking fabrics that not only strip the hair of oil, but also tend to snag the hair and promote spit ends. Yikes!  I would recommend using a hat with a satin lining or earmuffs so less cotton is touching your hair. Avoid wet hair outside This may seem super obvious, but it’s really bad to walk outside with wet hair in the cold. Not only can you get pneumonia, but its really bad for your hair follicles. In fact, walking outside with wet hair in the cold can permanently damage hair follicles and prevent hair from growing as fast or at all, so I would avoid doing this at all costs. ?? Alright, I hope these tips were  useful.  Bye everyone! Indyia Indyia Class of 2019 I’m an Art Foundation student in the College of Fine and Applied Arts, and after Art Foundation I plan on majoring in Art Education. With my degree and teaching certificate, I want to teach children how to use their emotions, thoughts, and surroundings to create art.

Lázaro Cárdenas del Rio Mexico’s Mr. Clean

Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas del Rio (1895-1970) was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. Considered one of the most honest and hardworking Presidents in the history of Latin America, he provided strong, clean leadership at a time when his country most needed it. Today he is revered among Mexicans for his zeal in eliminating corruption, and many cities, streets and schools bear his name. He initiated a family dynasty in Mexico, and his son and grandson have both gone into politics. Early Years Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas was born into a humble family in Michoacà ¡n province. Hardworking and responsible from an early age, he became the breadwinner for his large family at the age of 16 when his father passed away. He never made it past sixth grade in school, but he was a tireless worker and educated himself later in life. Like many young men, he became swept up in the passion and chaos of the Mexican Revolution. Crdenas in the Revolution After Porfirio Dà ­az left Mexico in 1911, the government broke down and several rival factions began fighting for control. Young Là ¡zaro joined the group supporting General Guillermo Garcà ­a Aragà ³n in 1913. Garcà ­a and his men were quickly defeated, however, and Cà ¡rdenas joined the staff of General Plutarco Elà ­as Calles, who was a supporter of Alvaro Obregà ³n. This time, his luck was much better: he had joined the eventual winning team. Cà ¡rdenas had a distinguished military career in the Revolution, rising quickly to reach the rank of General by the age of 25. Early Political Career When the dust from the Revolution began to settle by 1920, Obregà ³n was President, Calles was second-in-line, and Cà ¡rdenas was a rising star. Calles succeeded Obregà ³n as President in 1924. Meanwhile, Cà ¡rdenas was serving in a variety of important government roles. He held the posts of Governor of Michoacà ¡n (1928), Minister of the Interior (1930-32), and Minister of War (1932-1934). On more than one occasion, foreign oil companies sought to bribe him, but he always refused, earning a reputation for great honesty that would serve him well as president. Mr. Clean Cleans House Calles had left office in 1928, but still ruled through a series of puppet presidents. Pressure was mounting on him to clean up his administration, however, and he nominated the squeaky clean Cardenas in 1934. Cà ¡rdenas, with his sterling Revolutionary credentials and honest reputation, won easily. Once in office, he quickly turned on Calles and the corrupt remnants of his regime: Calles and some 20 of his most crooked henchmen were deported in 1936. The Cà ¡rdenas administration soon became known for hard work and honesty, and the wounds of the Mexican revolution finally began to heal. After the Revolution The Mexican Revolution had succeeded in overthrowing a corrupt class that had marginalized workers and rural peasants for centuries. It was not organized, however, and by the time Cà ¡rdenas joined it had deteriorated into several of warlords, each with different definitions of social justice, fighting for power. Cardenas’ faction won out, but like the others it was long on ideology and short on specifics. As President, Cà ¡rdenas changed all that, implementing strong yet controlled labor unions, land reform and protection for indigenous populations. He also implemented mandatory secular public education. Nationalization of Oil Reserves Mexico held vast reserves of valuable oil, and several foreign companies had been there for some time, mining it, processing it, selling it and giving the Mexican government a small portion of the profits. In March of 1938, Cà ¡rdenas made the bold move of nationalizing all of Mexico’s oil and appropriating all of the equipment and machinery belonging to the foreign companies. Although this move was very popular with the Mexican people, it had serious economic repercussions, as the US and Britain (whose companies had suffered most) boycotted Mexican oil. Cà ¡rdenas also nationalized the rail system while in office. Personal Life Cà ¡rdenas lived a comfortable but austere life in relation to other Mexican presidents. One of his first moves while in office was to cut his own salary in half. After leaving office, he lived in a simple house near Lake Pà ¡tzcuaro. He donated some land near his home to establish a hospital. Interesting Facts The Cà ¡rdenas administration welcomed leftist refugees from conflicts around the world. Leon Trotsky, one of the architects of the Russian Revolution, found asylum in Mexico, and many Spanish Republicans fled there after their loss to fascist forces in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Before Cà ¡rdenas, Mexican presidents lived in the opulent Chapultepec Castle, which had been built by a wealthy Spanish Viceroy at the end of the eighteenth century. The humble Cà ¡rdenas refused to live there, preferring more Spartan and efficient accommodations. He made the castle into a museum, and it has been one ever since. After the Presidency and Legacy His risky move of nationalizing oil facilities paid off for Mexico not long after Cà ¡rdenas left office. British and American oil companies, stung by the nationalization and appropriation of their facilities, organized a boycott of Mexican oil, but were forced to abandon it during World War Two, when Allied demand for oil was high. Cà ¡rdenas remained in public service after his presidential term, although unlike some of his predecessors he did not try hard to influence his successors. He served as Minister of War for a few years after leaving office before retiring to his modest home and working on irrigation and education projects. Later in life, he collaborated with the Adolfo Là ³pez Mateos administration (1958-1964). During his later years, he drew some criticism for his support of Fidel Castro. Of all of the Presidents of Mexico, Cà ¡rdenas is a rarity in that he enjoys almost universal admiration among historians. He is often compared to American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and not only because they served at roughly the same time, but because they both were stabilizing influences at a time when their country needed strength and constancy. His sterling reputation launched a political dynasty: his son, Cuauhtà ©moc Cà ¡rdenas Solà ³rzano, is a former mayor of Mexico City who has run for President on three different occasions. Là ¡zaros grandson Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas Batel is also a prominent Mexican politician.

17th Century 16th Century Poetry - 947 Words

How is the poetry of the 17th century different from the poetry of the 16th century? The poetry of the 16th century and the poetry of the 17th century were mainly lyrical. However, this similarity of expressing personal thoughts and feelings did not prevent major differences between both periods whether in themes or in structure. Poetry in Elizabethan time was based on courtly love conventions which included conceits and complements. Themes such as the unattainability of the lady, sleeplessness, constancy in love, cruelty of the beloved, renunciation of love, fine passion of the lover versus icy emotions of the beloved, praise of the beloved’s beauty and eternalizing her as being subject of the poem; these all are†¦show more content†¦The possessions and even one’s life of the royal cause. Carpe Diem is another major theme never found in courtly love poetry, but rather in cavalier. Cavalier poets urge young lovers to â€Å"seize the day†, enjoy the present moment because youth and beauty will fade soon and forever. The theme of brevity of life also serves the carpe diem, since the best in life ends â€Å"Corinna’s Going a Maying† insists on enjoying youth and love and not to be shy, because all pleasures of life come to an end when death comes. [Cavalier poets did not take life seriously, because this life is too short, so one should enjoy it. As to structure, the form of the 16th century’s poems is different from early 17th century’s poems. Elizabethan’s poems were mainly sonnets which present a situation (in the octave or in the first three quatrains) to find a solution (in the sestet or in the couplet) whereas cavalier poets used only short lyrics composed of stanzas which are simple in verse and style to express their feelings and thoughts. Although both periods were contrasting in themes and form, poets could express their emotions and opinions according to the events surroundingShow MoreRelated To His Coy Mistress Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesBed†. Both poems were written through the 16th and 17th Century, where love and sex were describe as two different things. 16th and 17th century attitudes to love and relationship were much stricter than in the 21st Century, as wealthy men who wished to court a woman, would need to use the convention of writing a letter or a poem to try and win her over. This is precisely what these poems are about. Each man is trying to bed women, using their poetry. Their poems are more about sex, ratherRead MoreThe Movement Of The 18th And 17th Century Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesmovements include Greek Poetry Schools (6th century BC), Provencal literature (11th-12th century), Silican court poets (mid 13th to early 14th centuries), Elizabeth and Romantican poets (late 16th- 17th century), American Transcendentalists, Paris expatriate (Surrealist) and Beat poets (20th Century). These movements have been fundamental to change the course of poetry in and out of their eras. This essay will be a critical literature review of the movement in the 16th and 17th century, the period afterRead MoreComparing To his Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and To his Mistress Going to Bed by John Donne1511 Words   |  7 Pagestimes I have compared and contrasted two pieces of love poetry, both of which are exceptionally lyrical and full of intellectual language that bring the poems alive with elaborated metaphors that compare dissimilar things, as they Inare equally, yet somehow individually both metaphysical poems. The first of these poems that I comprehended was To his Coy Mistress; (written by Andrew Marvell during the 17th century), it reflects the epic of a man who is striving to enticeRead MoreSummary of Medieval and Renaissance Criticism1505 Words   |  7 PagesRenaissance Criticism Submitted by R. Zothanmawia V Semester BA R/no: 1101BA005 MEDIEVAL CRITICISM The period between the Classical Age and the Renaissance is vaguely named the Middle Age or the Medieval Age. In England, this period spans eight centuries and historians place it from the year of composition of Beowulf in 725 AD to 1474 AD when Caxton published the first book ever printed. The only standard work that dealt with Medieval Criticism is English Literary Criticism: The Medieval Phase byRead More Haiku master Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesHaiku master Matsuo Basho radically redefined the three-line, 17-syllable haiku poetic form from an entertaining pastime in 16th-century Japan to a major literary genre in the 17th century. An early Basho haiku provides an example of his meticulous and sensitive approach in selecting and arranging words and images to produce highly evocative allusions: On a leafless bough In the gathering autumn dusk: A solitary crow! Haiku emanates from the 31 syllable, five-line tankaRead More17th Century Witers: The Age of Reason Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe 17th century was considered the â€Å"Age of Reason†, along with the final years of the artistic and cultural movement, the Renaissance. Writers at this time were influenced by these social revolutions, along with other historical events. Theories about emotion and reason sprung during this time period, which were expressed in literature by poets and authors such as Robert Herrick, William Shakespeare, and Thomas Hobbes. Shakespeare’s play, King Lear is a great representation on the relationshipRead MoreOrientation For Shakespeare s Play, Romeo And Juliet1087 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet was first staged the late 16th century, however, there are no records for any performances before 1660 when the restoration was made. Five different locations where Romeo and Juliet was staged in 2015 were: - The Royal Opera House, September 19th – December 2nd, 2015 (London, England) - Blue Square Samsung Electronics Hall, September 12th – October 11th, 2015 (Seoul, South Korea) - The Shakespeare Company, October 5th - October 17th , 2015 (Calgary, Canada) - Guild Festival TheatreRead MoreWhat a Writer Needs to Capture Historical Event770 Words   |  3 Pagesperceptive vision, absorptive capacity, and creative strength.† ~Lawrence Clark, a writer. This might be what the writers of the Renaissance had in mind: what all people of the Renaissance had in mind. The Renaissance happened during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Renaissance gets its name from the French word ‘rebirth’, which is what the Renaissance is seen as by bringing back the great ancient Greek and Roman works. From the lesser known writers such as Thomas Decker and Samuel Daniel to the moreRead MoreEssay on An Exploration of Love Poetry1691 Words   |  7 PagesAn Exploration of Love Poetry Coursework Poetry is an idiosyncratic way of a person trying to articulate their feelings or other in a different way about a variety of topics, love, past experiences, politics etc. With the use of metaphors and similes, one can show diverse things without having to be precise about them. Not just words can tell us about the poem, a lot of the time we can learn how the poet is trying to express themselves, by looking at the sentenceRead MoreZen Gardens Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesZen Gardens Zen Buddhism began to show up in Japan during the eighth century. It went through various periods of popularity and disregard, but constituted one of the most important influences on Japanese culture. All Buddhist temples include gardens. The first temple gardens evolved from well-groomed landscaping around Shinto shrines. Later, the gates and grounds surrounding Buddhist temples began to use gardens to beautify the temple, similar to the Heian mansion gardens

Is Children’s Development a Universal Staged Process or a Social and Cultural Process Free Essays

There are three main approaches to child development, the scientific, the social constructionist and the applied approach. Each of these approaches look at children’s development from a different stand point. I will go on to explore each approach in turn and how they can help us answer the above question. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Children’s Development a Universal Staged Process or a Social and Cultural Process? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The scientific approach to child development seeks to explain the facts about child development. It does this by devising theories which are then tested through observations and experiments. A classic example of this is Jean Piaget (1896-1890) who was one of the most influential theorists in child development. Piaget built up a theory about how children’s thinking developed; this is usually referred to as his theory on Cognitive development. He proposed that children do not gradually increase their thinking capacity but that they go through a series of stages or transformations in their thinking. Piaget (1932) proposed that there are 4 main stages in a children’s development; sensor-motor (approximately 0-2yrs), pre-operational (approximately 2-6 yrs), concrete operational (approximately 6-12 yrs) and formal operational (12 yrs and over). His approach can be seen today in how the curriculum is sequenced in schools and in the rise of children’s centres across the UK. Piaget used many similar experiments to support his theory. Examples are, children were asked to compare balls of plasticine after one had been rolled into a sausage; another was for children to compare rows of counters where one row had been stretched into a longer line. In each case the younger children appeared to reason that the amount of counters or plasticine had also changed. (Light and Oates, 1990, PP. 101-106). He was trying to show that children aren’t less cognitively developed than adults but they actually think differently. In many of Piaget’s experiments he tried to show how at what stage do children see things from another’s point of view. One very famous experiment was a construction of a model of 3 mountains. The largest gray and snow capped, the middle sized brown with a red cross on it and the smallest was green with a house on top. Children were then asked to sit on one side of the model with a doll at the opposite side. They were asked to arrange three pieces of cardboard shaped like the mountains. They they were asked to chose the doll’s view from 10 pictures and finally what the doll would see from other view points. Children younger than about 7 were unable to see things from another view point. Piaget’s claims were bold and his theories and experiments have been criticized by developmental theorists. Developmental theorists now recognise that a child’s development is far more complex than the 4 stages Piaget supported. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) used Piaget’s stage of development as a starting point to suppose a theory about children’s moral development. He used moral dilemmas to study how children develop the capacity to make moral judgments. Kholberg (Kholberg 1967) proposed that there are 6 stages or levels to a child’s moral development, these are grouped into 3 levels with 2 stages in each; preconventional, conventional and principled. It is extremely rare to progress back in stages and each stage must be completed to move onto the next as each stage is more complex than the last. In Kholberg’s experiments children were given moral dilemmas about right and wrong to discover at what stage a child reaches different levels of cognitive capacity. Kholberg and his team started testing 75 boys in the US and went back and tested them at intervals as they grew into adulthood. However, this was not a cross section of US children as no girls were tested. The data from these scientific studies can be used to assess when a child knows right from wrong. These and similar techniques are used today to carry out assessments for courts deciding whether a child can be held criminally responsible. The social constructionist view of child development looks at the ways that childhood is experienced in different situations and circumstances. Different cultures, religions and social economic conditions have different expectations and beliefs around childhood. These have also been different throughout history. For example in Victorian Britain, children were expected to work in the home, field, streets or in factories. However in modern Britain we expect our children to spend much of their childhood learning at school. Another example is, Maya’s (U212 Video 1, band 1) experiences of childhood in the poor area Chittagong being different to the twins Yasir and Yamin’s experiences in middle class Chittagong. Each have different expectations of their roles within society according to their social boundaries, gender, family and beliefs. Central to the social constructionist approach is the concept of competing discourses of childhood. A discourse is a particular way of thinking or a particular view point that is influenced by our gender, language, history, beliefs, experiences and social boundaries. There are numerous discourses but a romantic discourse sees children as inherently good; a child would only do terrible things if damaged in some way. Contrary to this is the puritanical discourse which sees the child as inherently evil, doing evil things because they are wicked and need punishing. Using the social constructionist view allows us to recognise that a child who is a killer can be seen through these two very different discourses either needing therapy or needing punishment. Social constructionists are not about applying facts and time frames to child development, neither is it just about there being different ‘realities’ created by the way people think and make sense of children. It goes far deeper by exploring what these different ‘realities mean in terms of our moral consequences, what we expect, what we believe our outcomes can be and more importantly what our outcomes can’t be, what is hidden from our view and what we are prevented from doing by our constructed society. Rex Stainton Rogers (1992) says of a socially constructed world: ‘But what about childhood?†¦ For example. The children of Longwitten have come to understand that they ‘have to go to school’, that the human made ‘thing’ down the road is a school, that certain activities belong in he classroom, and others in the playground, and so on. The social world works because we share common understandings. ’ Stanton Rogers says (1992) that it is taken for granted that children will go to school and that this appears normal and the right thing to do in our socially constructed world, and that sometimes we fail to question or imagine anything els e outside of this. The third approach is the applied approach. This focuses on practical issues of childhood such as how should we parent out children, what support and services might we need in order to protect them. The applied approach relies on both the scientic and social constructionist approaches when applying theory and research to social policy, the law and professional practise. I have already looked at the romantic and puritan discourses. The romantic discourse believes that children are naturally good, therefore children who commit crime should be rehabilitated which Stuart Asquith (1996) describes as the Welfare model and the puritan discourse the ‘Justice’ model. The welfare model looks at children who do wrong as doing so because they have been mistreated / deprived or having been disadvantaged in some way. These children need nurturing and need our care to overcome these disadvantages. The Justice model looks as children as being responsible when they reach an age where they can be held partially accountable for their crimes. These children need to be treated as criminals and punished accordingly. Asquith’s applied approach draws on both the scientific aspects of children’s moral development and the social constructionist view on how culture and society affect us as humans.. In looking at all three approaches it is clear that they are all complex and interplay greatly with each other. The scientific approach concentrates on identifying universal stages of children’s development. These are a series of stages which all children pass through from immaturity to maturity. The danger is that these can result in a picture of a universal child which is mainly based on a western culture. There is scientific research to determine when a child can be morally responsible for a crime and scientific research has produced lots of data on what reformatory regimes appear to work for young offenders. But we must remember that the child is not a passive participant in this research. The outcomes will depend on both the researchers and child’s social constructions of their worlds. In contrast the social constructionists’ view is that immaturity and maturity are complex constructs that we have made for ourselves depending on a whole range of outside influences, these will be different for each one of us. Children do not develop autonomously from culture and society and take many different routes to maturity depending on many things including gender, culture, religion, and their social and economic circumstances in which they find themselves. How to cite Is Children’s Development a Universal Staged Process or a Social and Cultural Process?, Essays

The Imperfect Tooth Essay Example For Students

The Imperfect Tooth Essay â€Å"It’s getting dark kids time to come in side! † My third grade teacher at Washington Elementary after school program yelled to the kids on the playground. It was a warm yet windy spring day around the time of Halloween. In California around that time it begins to get darker at 5:30-6pm. meaning we’d have less time to play around on the tetherball court. My sister, a couple of friends, and I weren’t yet ready to come inside and end our playful adventures on the playground. You know how they say â€Å"You get what you deserve when you disobey your elders. Well this next event is a prime example of what happens. My friends, sister, and I decided we wanted to stay longer at the tetherball court for two or three more games. Not realizing how dark it was beginning to get we were too trapped in our own fun, competitive, game. We decided to do a King of the Court tournament. Which means best out of three is the King. My sister went first of course because she was known as one of the best players at our school. Unsurprisingly she made it all the way to the last round vine to be the King of the Court. We will write a custom essay on The Imperfect Tooth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Well Queen of course. The game was tied and it came down to crunch time where everyone was focused directly on the game, again not watching the setting of the sky darkening. My sister swung the ball around the pole on her verge of yet another victory. Then came that last punch to the ball. You can see her infamous cock back before she swung at the ball, completely missing it because it had gotten too dark to see. It doesn’t end there. Not only did she miss it, she tripped over her own two feet going head first into the pole. As embarrassing the fall had already been she worked her way back on her feet with a bloody mouth and a piece of her tooth gone from her mouth. â€Å"Your tooth is missing, your tooth missing! † Yelled my friends and I as her face turned from embarrassed to hurt, sad, and shocked all at once. She couldn’t believe what we were telling her. In a time span of two seconds she got up, grabbed her bag, and ran to the bathroom. So embarrassed with her appearance we had to call the teacher out to escort her out the bathroom. She was so upset that day my classmates and I didn’t even joke around with her, we even felt her pain. I guess you can say every lesson learned through experience is a great one, because after that day we never disobeyed my teacher again. My sister on the other hand took some time to adjust to it but now she loves her imperfection because she knows even with a chipped tooth she is still beautiful. You’re probably wondering our punishment for the stunt we pulled, but nature handled that itself.